When the Soviet Union collapsed, it brought about the independence of several states. These are referred to as the “near abroad”. There were many political, economic, and social connections between these countries and the Soviet Union which were immediately cut off after the collapse. Now, they are trying to maintain this connection, but it is proving to be quite difficult. There are four areas of problems: Fighting and warfare, territorial disagreements, the status of Russia in the bear abroad, and economics.
Fighting and Warfare
Russian troops have been involved in many of the conflicts between former Soviet states. In Tajikistan over 50,000 people were killed as a result of Islamic forces rebelling against there communist government. In the struggle between Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1988Soviet troops tried and failed to bring peace. In 1992, troops were removed but not after 20,000 people were killed. In Georgia, there were three conflicts erupted when people were trying to gain independence from the government. Lastly, Moldova tried to gain independence from Russia, and failed.
Russia was concerned about these conflicts for three reasons. First, they could have spilled over into Russia itself. Secondly, Russians lived in all of these countries. Lastly, they saw economic and political interests in these areas. They saw it as there obligation to intervene in these areas.
Territorial Disagreements
Russia shares its boarders with many of the near abroad states, and consequently, there are many arguments over the boundaries established in the Soviet Era as well as disputes over ethnic groups wishing to transfer the areas they currently live in to the ones of their ethnic origin. Although conflicts may not occur, these disagreements adversely effect political relations in the area.
Russians in the Near Abroad
There is one major issue with Russians living in the near abroad. Russians have become second class citizens. There are treated with little respect and are not given the opportunities of other citizens. This lead to people demanding the government step in and change this. The government has stated it will protect Russians in these territories and would use military force if necessary.
Economic Concerns
Standards of living have gone down in the post Soviet era states. Economies have suffered greatly and it has caused many people to flee to Russia. As a result, Russia has tried to strengthen there economical ties to the point they operate as one. However, this creates many problems and may not be implemented.
Relations with Europe
Russia remains a European power. It is a member of the Counsel of Europe and the Organization for Security and provides troops to many conflicts NATO has been involved in including Bosnia and Kosovo. They have strengthened economic ties with many of the European nations as well as assisted and received assistance for security.
Russia and the Near Abroad